Characteristics Of A First And Second Language ...

Over the past decades, a variety of approaches have been proposed to explain the phenomenon of language acquisition. These models were influenced by variety of disciplines and research directions, such as cognitive psychology, linguistics, etc.; therefore, the models relate to linguistic development in various ways. One of the most striking differences between the approaches is the perception of the place of heredity and environment in the process of acquiring language, but as we shall see each approach gives them a different weight and importance. In this paper we describe three approaches to acquire first and second language: Behaviorism, Innatism and Social-interactionist. During the work we will try to understand the characteristics of each approach; how they differ from each other; advantages and disadvantages; and what aspects from each theory that we should combine in our class. Behaviorism By the end of the fifties of the twentieth century, it was widely believed that children learn their mother tongue by imitating and practicing the speech of their parents and people in their environment till it becomes a habit. Ivan Pavlov and B.F. Skinner, the founders of this approach, argue that the language is learned behavior in a similar way to learning other behaviors and it done by mechanisms of conditioning classical and operant. Classical conditioning is the relation between a natural response and stimulation, so the most important factor in thisShow MoreRelatedHow Languages Are Learnt3034 Words   |  13 PagesLecture 1 How languages are learned? 1. Popular views about language learning. 2. How children learn their first language: a) the behaviorist position; b) the annalist position; c) the â€Å"critical† period hypothesis; d) the interactionist position. Every few years new foreign language teaching methods arrive on the scene. New textbooks appear far more frequently. New methods and textbooks may reflect current developments in linguistic/applied linguistic theory or recent pedagogical

Decision Modeling Analysis And Analysis - 1386 Words

Decision Modeling Analysis â€Å"Business these days is all in the numbers, as franchises tap into the power of big data to customize marketing, select locations and manage staffing. These are the companies leading the charge† (Daley, 2016, p. 133). This is how today’s world works. However, just simply collecting data is not enough. What do you do with it, and how do you turn it into something meaningful? Competition is fierce, and being wrong is never a good option. Using terms like I think, hopefully, and that is the way we have always done it, is a good first step to going out of business and the unemployment line. Using proper business analysis techniques with reliable data will increase the likelihood that a prediction, or a†¦show more content†¦Once a decision has been made (hopefully utilizing probability), the different outcomes can be displayed with their probability of occurring. For example, A business is wanting to develop a new product with the highest profit margin p ossible. The initial options are a cheap, midrange, or a high-quality product. Each has their own fixed material and labor cost. The first step in the decision tree is to determine the feasibility of making a profit at all. If after marketing samples are done and a low chance of success is determined, then the product should be abandoned during this first step. Otherwise, an option can be chosen. We will say that the mid-range product was chosen as the best option due to demand and cost. Next, it should be determined how well this product will sell, and how much product, or market share will be needed to be profitable, and by how much. Imputing this data into Excel or Precision tree can result in an expected monetary value which is the weighted average of all these choices (Albright, Winston, 2017). Distribution and Uncertainty. Distribution, as in probability distribution, take probability one step further. In the previous example of rain, there is only two possible outcomes. Either it will rain, or it won’t. Unfortunately, most decisions are not that simple. Sometimes there are several choices to make, and the cheapest one is not always the best option. Probability distribution doesn’t necessarily present aShow MoreRelatedSpeadsheet Modeling Decision Analysis 5e: Chapter 3 Solutions4520 Words   |  19 PagesChapter 3 Modeling Solving LP Problems In A Spreadsheet 1. In general, it does not matter what is placed in a variable (changing) cell. Ultimately, Solver will determine the optimal values for these cells. If the model builder places formulas in changing cells, Solver will replace the formulas with numeric constants representing the optimal values of the decision variables. An exception to this general principle is found in Chapter 8 where, when solving nonlinear programming problems, theRead MoreData Analysis Golf Course Design1491 Words   |  6 Pages2013 Decision Modeling Assignment: Golf Course Design CO 5124 Data Analysis Decision Modeling Tutorial : B By Madhumita Srinivasan (12772343) Submitted to Dr.Eddie Chng 1 |CO5124 DATA ANALYSIS DECISION MODELING INTRODUCTION Paradise Palm Golf Club, a well established golf club in Cairns, has planned to expand its operations by building a brand new golf course in Townsville. As the success of the golf course largely depends on the extent to which the users find it enjoyable, FutureRead MoreBusn312 Hw1A963 Words   |  4 PagesHomework 1a Multiple Choice Identify the choice that best completes the statement or answers the question. B 1. The essence of decision analysis is: |a. |breaking down complex situations into manageable elements. | |b. |choosing the best course of action among alternatives. | |c. |finding the root cause of why something has gone wrong. Read MoreIntroduction Of Data Mining I - Cis 5081218 Words   |  5 Pagesinformation: 1. Decision Analysis and Optimization 2. Predictive modeling 3. Predictive Search 4. Transaction Profiling 1. Decision Analysis and Optimization Decision analysis refers to the quantitative field that deals with modeling, analyzing and optimizing decisions made by ecommerce organizations. 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Prediction, however, is usually not an end goal itself, but rather means to put probabilistic bounds on the relative frequency or likelihood of occurrence of future uncertain events so that strategies or actions can be taken incorporating these prediction s. Risk management needs predictive analysis, as does economic regulation, engineering

Macbeth and the Clothes that Make the Man free essay sample

In William Shakespeare’s tragedy, Macbeth, Shakespeare uses clothes as a metaphor throughout the play. The symbolism of clothing helped emphasize the change of power in Scotland, the change of opinions, and how the new change did not â€Å"fit† properly. From Macbeth being â€Å"dressed† with a new title as Thane of Cawdor, to Lady Macbeth pointing out Macbeth’s changed attitude towards killing Duncan while he dresses, through the other character’s perspective of Macbeth as king, the imagery of clothing is everywhere. Through out Act I, Scene III, the imagery of clothing is predominant and shows a change in title. As soon as Angus tells Macbeth that Macbeth has a new title as Thane of Cawdor, he says, â€Å"The Thane of Cawdor lives. Why do you dress me / In borrowed robes?† (1. 3. 110-111). He simply cannot believe that the prophecy that the three witches had predicted had come true and he questions his new title. We will write a custom essay sample on Macbeth and the Clothes that Make the Man or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page When Angus explains why Macbeth is receiving this new title, he also, unintentionally, foreshadows Macbeth’s future: Who was the thane lives yet, But under heavy judgment bears that life Which he deserves to lose. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . But treasons capital, confessed and proved, Have overthrown him. (1. 3. 112-114, 117-118) When Macbeth receives his new garments, he also receives the previous Thane of Cawdor’s traits. The change of Macbeth into â€Å"borrowed robes† starts Macbeth’s change into a murdering monster. The instant Macbeth becomes Thane of Cawdor, he cannot stop thinking about killing Duncan so he can become king. Macbeth and his wife, Lady Macbeth, plan to kill Duncan; however, Macbeth comes to a point where he realizes his thinking is madness, and he cannot kill Duncan. He tries to convince Lady Macbeth of his new thinking by giving her â€Å"three quite different reasons for not going ahead with it, reasons which he hopes may appeal to her† (Spurgeon 128). He suggests that maybe they should not do this for they were just given â€Å"Gold opinions from all sorts of people, / Which would be worn now in their newest gloss, / Not cast aside so soon† (1. 7. 33-35). Macbeth suggests that their new title should be worn like clothes that have a new gloss, or â€Å"superficial lustre† (OED). Lady Macbeth, greedy for power, will not hear of her husband’s change of opinion. She quickly rebuts by saying â€Å"Was the hope drunk / Wherein you dress’d yours elf?† (1. 7. 36-37). She starts criticizing Macbeth for quickly changing his opinion just as quickly as he changed his clothes. Lady Macbeth quickly wins the argument and convinces Macbeth to kill Duncan. This scene of the play shows that by Macbeth simply changing his clothes, he changes his mind and his state of being. After he kills Duncan, Macbeth rapidly changes into a control, power-hungry, mad man. Even though Macbeth at first feels as if he has murdered the â€Å"Sleep that knits up the raveled sleave of care† (2. 2. 35), the sleep that straightens out the â€Å"entangled† (OED) sleave of care, he quickly gets over it just as quickly as he changes his â€Å"borrowed robes†. From the moment he becomes king, he starts to lose control and respect of the people in his kingdom. Right before the English troops attack Dunsinane, Caithness and Angus talk about Macbeth’s tyrannical reign. Caithness comments about how Macbeth has lost so much control that Macbeth†Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ cannot buckle his distempered cause / Within the belt of rule† (5. 2. 15-16). Angus agrees with Caithness, by saying that Macbeth’s title â€Å"Hangs loose about him, like a giant’s robe / upon a dwarfish thief† (5. 2. 21-22). Angus and Caithness both realize how Macbeth does not â€Å"fit† properly in his â€Å"borrowed robes†. They see that the title of being king is too much for him and that he should have his title taken away. In conclusion, Shakespeare’s use of clothing imagery in Macbeth helps symbolize the changes happening within the play. The emphasis of clothing throughout the play shows the audience how important and big all these changes are. Even though the changing of clothing is important on the stage, the changing of clothing in this play is more important than ever before.